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However, the study underlines that costs may be substantial and that meeting these conditions has deeper technical and social implications. These efforts can nonetheless be partly integrated in renewals of ageing network assets.Īssessing the costs of these conditions is beyond the scope of this report. This requires strong pro-active steps and public engagement in long-term planning, assessing costs and working with citizens on social acceptance.

Substantial grid development efforts would be necessary beyond 2030 at both transmission and distribution levels.

The sizing of operational reserves and the regulatory framework for balancing responsibilities and procurements would need to be substantially revised, and forecasting methods for variable renewables continually improved.

The maturity, availability and cost of these flexibility sources need to be considered. the ability of a power system to cope with load at all times – can be ensured even in a system mainly based on variable renewables such as wind and solar PV, when substantial sources of flexibility are available, including demand-response, large-scale storage, peak generation units, and well developed transmission networks and interconnections. Further assessment of the impacts of distributed PV on the distribution network is needed as well as their implications for electricity security. Specific difficulties are expected in the case of a system with a significant share of distributed solar PV.

Even if they still need to be proven at large scale, there is a general scientific consensus that technological solutions to maintain power system strength – and hence system stability – without conventional generation exist in several cases.

The main conclusions focus on four sets of strict conditions that would need to be met towards a technically secure integration of very high shares of renewables in a large power system such as that of France: The French Ministry for the Ecological Transition commissioned the International Energy Agency (IEA) and France’s transmission system operator, RTE, to jointly carry out a framework study identifying the conditions and requirements to assess the technical feasibility of scenarios in which the power system would be based on very high shares of renewables. Both options rely on significantly scaling up variable renewables: wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) power.

To keep emissions in the power sector to a minimum, two options are thus on the table: replacing retiring reactors with new ones and renewables or replacing them with renewables only to eventually reach a power system with 100% renewable energy sources.

The operating life of these nuclear generators is assumed so far to be 60 years, so by 2050 most will have been decommissioned. This comprehensive strategy for achieving carbon neutrality relies largely on energy efficiency, systematic use of biomass and greater use of electricity.įrance already enjoys extremely low-carbon electricity, owing largely to its nuclear generation fleet built in the 1980s and the 1990s. To help it reach this goal, the French government recently published a new energy and climate law and the National Low-Carbon Strategy ( Stratégie nationale bas-carbone, or SNBC). Just one point separates them from their bitter Milan rivals who are suddenly struggling for form.France is one of several countries which have pledged to achieve net zero carbon emissions by 2050 to meet its climate change mitigation commitments under the Paris Agreement. Simone Inzaghi's men followed up their win over Napoli with another success, this time against Venezia which has seen them close the gap on the top two.

Coach Stefano Pioli has just had his contract renewed so needs to arrest this slide immediately. 2 - AC Milan (-)Ī surprise pair of defeats with a 3-1 home loss to Sassuolo coming after a thrilling defeat to Fiorentina which witnessed seven goals. That loss had threatened to derail the Partenopei as they lost Victor Osimhen for months, but they hit back strongly. Luciano Spalletti's men brushed Lazio aside 4-0 to hit top spot alone which made up for their defeat against Inter the week before. We look at how the rankings have changed since the international break. Atalanta opened a gap in fourth with Juventus continuing to toil while Sampdoria are suddenly alive at the other end of the table. Inter Milan closed the gap keeping their hopes of repeating alive, as they sit four points behind the league leaders. The Serie A season on Paramount+ is now 14 games deep and there is finally a clear leader as Napoli pulled clear of AC Milan at the summit.